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Recognize Various Types of Anesthesia and Side Effects

In medicine, pain when undergoing surgery or other medical procedures can be relieved by administering anesthesia. Anesthesia itself means loss of taste or sensation in the body, and there are various kinds. The way anesthetics work is by stopping or blocking nerve signals from the pain center that the patient will feel during surgery or when undergoing certain medical procedures. Anesthesia can be given in various forms, such as ointments, sprays, injections, or gases that the patient must inhale.

Three Kinds of Anesthesia

Anesthesia can be divided into three types, namely local, regional and general anesthesia. Each type of anesthesia has a different way of working and purpose, the following is an explanation:

1. Local anesthesia

Local anesthesia is done by blocking the sensation or pain in the area of ​​the body to be operated on. This type of anesthesia does not affect consciousness, so patients will remain awake during surgery or medical procedures. Local anesthesia can be used for minor or minor operations, such as dental care, eye surgery, mole removal procedures, and biopsy of the skin. This type of anesthesia can be given by injection, spraying, or applying to the skin or mucous membranes to be operated on.

2. Regional anesthesia

Regional anesthesia is done by blocking pain in some parts of the body. Like local anesthesia, the patient will remain awake during the operation, but cannot feel a part of his body. During regional anesthesia, the drug will be given by injection near the spinal cord or around the nerve area. This injection will relieve pain in several parts of the body, such as the hips, stomach, arms and legs. There are several types of regional anesthesia, namely peripheral, epidural and spinal nerve blocks. The most commonly used regional anesthetic is epidural, which is commonly used during labor.

3. General anesthesia

General anesthesia or general anesthesia is called anesthesia procedure that makes the patient become unconscious during the operation. This type of anesthesia is often used for major operations, such as open heart surgery, brain surgery, or organ transplantation. Anesthesia can be given in two ways, namely through the gas to be inhaled (inhalation) and drugs that are injected into a vein (intravenously). General anesthesia is considered safe enough for most patients. But in certain groups, such as the elderly, children, or patients whose conditions are very bad, giving this type of anesthesia must be done very carefully because it can cause dangerous complications. The selection and administration of anesthesia will be adjusted to the patient's health condition, the medical procedures to be undertaken, and the length of the procedure to be performed.

Some Side Effects of Anesthesia

As with other medical procedures, anesthesia risks causing side effects, both mild and severe. The following are side effects that can occur due to administration of anesthesia, based on the type of anesthesia:

Side effects of local anesthesia:

  • Pain, rashes and mild bleeding at the injection site.
  • Headache.
  • Dizzy.
  • Fatigue.
  • Numbness in the injected area.
  • Twitches in muscle tissue.
  • Blurred vision.

Side effects of regional anesthesia:

  • Headache.
  • Allergic reaction.
  • Back pain.
  • Bleeding.
  • Convulsions.
  • Difficulty urinating.
  • Decreased blood pressure.
  • Spinal infection.

Side effects of general anesthesia:

  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Dry mouth.
  • Sore throat.
  • Hoarseness.
  • Drowsiness.
  • Shivering.
  • Arises of pain and bruising in the area injected or paired with an IV.
  • Confusion.
  • Difficulty urinating.
  • Tooth decay.
The risk of experiencing side effects of anesthesia will be higher if the patient has certain diseases or health conditions, for example heart disease or obesity. Age that is too young or too old, smoking and consuming alcohol, and consumption of certain drugs will also increase the risk of side effects of anesthesia. To prevent side effects, the doctor or nurse will do a complete examination and tell what things can and should not be done before the operation takes place. For example, when to stop eating and drinking, or what drugs and supplements should not be taken before surgery. If you are about to perform an operation or a medical procedure, both large and small, ask the anesthetist clearly who will treat you, regarding the type and side effects of the anesthesiologist to be used.

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